Marbury v. Madison and the Foundation of Law

Liberty University Law Review Liberty University Law Review

Volume 4 Issue 2 Article 3

October 2015

Marbury v. Madison and the Foundation of Law Marbury v. Madison and the Foundation of Law

Jeffrey C. Tuomala

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lu_law_review

Recommended Citation Recommended Citation

Tuomala, Jeffrey C. (2015) "Marbury v. Madison and the Foundation of Law,"

Liberty University Law

Review

: Vol. 4 : Iss. 2 , Article 3.

Available at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/lu_law_review/vol4/iss2/3

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Liberty University School of Law at Scholars

Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Liberty University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholars

Crossing. For more information, please contact scholarlycommunications@liberty.edu.

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EWE

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85I29( B5( >( M9>3?F( 5<( A5G293@23B( 728>9>B2( <95@( BF2( =2A:7=>B:G2( >3;(

2U2?DB:G2( M9>3?F271( $3( 59;29( B5( 2U29?:72( BF:7( 85I29( 895829=6N( BF2( ?5D9B7(

@D7B(;2<:32( BF2(3>BD92( 59( 27723?2( 5<(BF2(4D;:?:>=( 85I29( >3;(;:7B:3AD:7F(:B(

<95@(BF2(85=:B:?>=(85I2971(#F2(%537B:BDB:53(:B72=<(;527(35B(;2<:32(>36(5<(BF2(

BF922(85I2971(JD7B(>7(K>97F>==(8927D88572;(BF2(3>BD92(5<(>(?537B:BDB:53N(F2(

>=75( 8927D88572;( BF2( 3>BD927( 5<( BF2( 4D;:?:>=( >3;( 85=:B:?>=( 85I2971

EWQ

(+2(

@>;2(35(>882>=(B5(59:A:3>=(:3B23BN(23A>A2;(:3(35(B2UBD>=(2U857:B:53N(?:B2;(35(

?>72( 892?2;23BN( ;:G:32;( 35( 75?:>=( ?537237D7N( >3;( ?53;D?B2;( 35( DB:=:B>9:>3(

>3>=67:71( &:T2I:72N( BF2( 8258=2N( >7( >3( 2U29?:72( 5<( 89D;23?2N( >==5?>B2;( BF2(

4D;:?:>=(>3;(85=:B:?>=(85I297(B5(728>9>B2(M9>3?F27(5<(A5G293@23BN(MDB(:3(75(

;5:3A( 7:@8=6( B92>B2;( BF2( ;2<:3:B:53( 5<( BF572( 85I297( >7( >( A:G231( #F26(

8927D88572;( >( ;:7B:3?B:53( BF>B( ;29:G27( <95@( BF2( =>I( 5<( `5;( >3;( BF>B( :7(

@5;2=2;( :3( +:7( I>6( 5<( 9D=:3A( BF2( I59=;m+2( 9D=27( >7( M5BF( JD;A2( >3;(

`5G293591

EWR

(

c2?>D72( K>;:753( ?F572( 35B( B5( >37I29( K>9MD96L7( ?5@8=>:3B( 59( BF2(

%5D9BL7(7F5I(?>D72(59;29N(K>97F>==(I>7(<59?2;(B5(782?D=>B2(>7(B5(;2<23727(

K>;:753(@:AFB(F>G2(9>:72;(F>;(F2(>882>92;(:3(?5D9B1

EWW

(K>97F>==(>77D@2;(

K>;:753(I5D=;(>9AD2(BF>B(BF2(;2?:7:53(35B(B5(;2=:G29(BF2(?5@@:77:53(I>7(

85=:B:?>=(:3(3>BD92(>3;(BF292<592(I>7(35B(7DM42?B(B5(4D;:?:>=(92G:2I1

EWg

(#F:7(

;2<2372(@:AFB(F>G2( B>T23( 532( 5<( BI5(<59@71(-32(<59@(I5D=;(M2(B5(>9AD2(

BF>B(BF2(85I29(5<(>885:3B@23B(:7(8D92=6(85=:B:?>=(M6(:B7(G296(3>BD92(>3;(:7(

BF292<592( >( @>BB29( =2<B( 75=2=6( B5( BF2( V927:;23BL7( ;:7?92B:531( 'G23( :<( BF2(

;2?:7:53( B5( ;2=:G29( BF2( ?5@@:77:53( I>7( 35B( 85=:B:?>=( :3( 3>BD92N( >( 72?53;(

<59@(5<(;2<2372(I5D=;(F>G2(M223(BF>B(BF2(7B>BD7(5<(BF2(2U2?DB:G2(;28>9B@23B(

((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

(

(EWE1(+=)(

(EWH1(+=)(>B(Eg[1((

(EWQ1(+=)(>B(EZZ1(K>97F>==(8927D@2;(BF>Bd(O%29B>:3=6(>==(BF572(IF5(F>G2(<9>@2;(I9:BB23(

?537B:BDB:537(?53B2@8=>B2(BF2@(>7(<59@:3A(BF2(<D3;>@23B>=(>3;(8>9>@5D3B(=>I(5<(BF2(3>B:53N(

>3;(?5372SD23B=6(BF2(BF2596(5<(2G296(7D?F(A5G293@23B(@D7B(M2N(BF>B(>3(>?B(5<(BF2(=2A:7=>BD92N(

928DA3>3B(B5(BF2(?537B:BDB:53N(:7(G5:;1P'+=)(

(EWR1(#F2(;:7B:3?B:53(>3;(92=>B:537F:8(M2BI223(=>I(>3;(85=:?6(7F5I7(D8(9282>B2;=6N(

BF5DAF(75@2B:@27( :3(;:<<2923B(AD:727N( BF95DAF5DB(%537B:BDB:53>=(=>I1( !3(D3;297B>3;:3A( 5<(

BF>B( ;:7B:3?B:53( >3;( 92=>B:537F:8( :7( 32?277>96( <59( D3;297B>3;:3A( K>97F>==L7( 58:3:53N( >3;(

!92;623(892723B7(>3(2U?2==23B(58859BD3:B6(B5(=>6(BF2(<5D3;>B:53(<59(7DM72SD23B(?>7271(R?9:8(

bdZa[( ;27?9:M27( `5;( 9D=:3A( >7( 4D;A2( >3;( A5G29359d( O#F2( &59;( 92:A37( <592G29k( F2( F>7(

27B>M=:7F2;(F:7(BF9532(<59(4D;A@23B1(+2(I:==(4D;A2(BF2(I59=;(:3(9:AFB25D73277k(F2(I:==(A5G293(

BF2(8258=27(I:BF(4D7B:?21P(((((((((

(EWW1(!92;623N(W(.1C1(XE(%9>3?FY(>B(EWR1((

(EWg1(+=)(>B(EgR1((

H\E\l( F-%.*"5+-.'-F'A"C( QHZ(

(

>7( >( 728>9>B2( M9>3?F( 5<( A5G293@23B( @>;2( :B( :@@D32( B5( 4D;:?:>=( 895?2771(

K>;:753( I5D=;( =:T2=6( M5=7B29( BF:7( ;2<2372( M6( ?=>:@:3A( BF>B( :B( I5D=;( M2(

:@895829(<59(BF2(%5D9B(B5(:3SD:92(:3B5(BF2(O:3B:@>B2(85=:B:?>=(92=>B:53P(5<(BF2(

V927:;23B( >3;( ;28>9B@23B( F2>;7( >3;( BF>B( :B( I5D=;( ?537B:BDB2( >3(

:3B29@2;;=:3A( OI:BF( BF2( 89295A>B:G27( 5<( BF2( 2U2?DB:G21P

EWZ

( K>97F>==(

?53?2;2;(BF2(89:3?:8=2(BF>B(:<(;2=:G296(I292(M6(3>BD92(>(@>BB29(5<(;:7?92B:53N(

BF2(?5D9B(I5D=;(F>G2(35(85I29(B5(92G:2I(:BN(MDB(F2(;23:2;(BF>B(K>;:753(F>;(

BF2( ;:7?92B:53( 35B( B5( ;2=:G29( :B( D3;29( BF2( >88=:?>M=2( <>?B7( >3;( =>I1

EW[

(

K>97F>==( >=75( ;23:2;( BF>B( BF2( O82?D=:>9=6( :9T75@2N( >7( I2==( >7( ;2=:?>B2P(

3>BD92(5<(:3B29aM9>3?F(92=>B:537(@>;2(:B(>(;2?:7:53(5G29(IF:?F(BF2(%5D9B(F>;(

35( 85I29( 5<( 92G:2I1

EWb

(K>97F>==(>?T35I=2;A2;(BF>BN(OnD27B:537N(:3(BF2:9(

3>BD92(85=:B:?>=N(59(IF:?F(>92N(M6(BF2(?537B:BDB:53(>3;(=>I7N(7DM@:BB2;(B5(BF2(

2U2?DB:G2N( ?>3( 32G29( M2( @>;2( :3( BF:7( ?5D9B1P

Eg\

(cDB(K>97F>==(;23:2;(BF>B(

2:BF29( 5<( BF272( =:@:B>B:537( 53( BF2( 2U29?:72( 5<( BF2( 4D;:?:>=( 85I29( I>7(

>88=:?>M=2(:3(K>9MD96L7(?>721

EgE

(

%53A9277( F>7( BF2( 9:AFB( B5(27B>M=:7F( G>9:5D7( ;28>9B@23B7( 5<( A5G293@23B(

BF>B( :B( M2=:2G27( >92( 32?277>96( <59( >?F:2G:3A( ?537B:BDB:53>=( 5M42?B:G271( ,59(

2U>@8=2N( %53A9277( ?92>B2;( BF2( *28>9B@23B( 5<( CB>B2( >3;( BF2( -<<:?2( 5<(

C2?92B>96(5<(CB>B2( I:BF( BF2(;DB6(B5( >?B( >B( BF2( ;:92?B:53(5<(BF2(V927:;23B1

EgH

(

-<<:?:>=( >?B7( I:BF:3( BF2( 7?582( 5<( BF2( 7B>BDB596( A9>3B( 5<( >DBF59:B6( >3;( 35B(

?:9?D@7?9:M2;( M6( 8>9B:?D=>9( 7B>BDB596( 5M=:A>B:537( 59( 895F:M:B:537( >92(

;:7?92B:53>96(:3(3>BD921

EgQ

(&:T2I:72N(BF2(V927:;23BL7(>885:3B@23B(5<(8297537(

B5( F5=;( G>9:5D7( 5<<:?27( :7( >( @>BB29( 5<( ;:7?92B:531

EgR

(!=75N(BF2(V927:;23BL7(

((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

(

(EWZ1(+=)(>B(EgbaZ\1((

(EW[1(+=)(>B(EW\aWE1(

(EWb1(+=)(>B(EgWN(Egb1(((

(Eg\1(+=)(>B(EZ\1(#F2(?53B2UB(5<(K>97F>==L7(7B>B2@23B(:7(>7(<5==5I7d(

#F2(895G:3?2(5<(BF2(?5D9B(:7N(75=2=6N(B5(;2?:;2(53(BF2(9:AFB7(5<(:3;:G:;D>=7N(35B(B5(

23SD:92(F5I(BF2(2U2?DB:G2N(59(2U2?DB:G2(5<<:?297N(829<59@(;DB:27(:3(IF:?F(BF26(

F>G2( >( ;:7?92B:531( nD27B:537N( :3( BF2:9( 3>BD92( 85=:B:?>=N( 59( IF:?F( >92N( M6( BF2(

?537B:BDB:53( >3;( =>I7N( 7DM@:BB2;( B5( BF2( 2U2?DB:G2N( ?>3( 32G29( M2( @>;2( :3( BF:7(

?5D9B1(

+=)k(?00'9:?7'>=)(>B(EgWagg1(((

(EgE1(V5=:B:?>=(>3;(2U2?DB:G2(927B9>:3B7(53(BF2(CD892@2(%5D9BL7(4D;:?:>=(85I29(I5D=;(F>G2(

>88=:2;(:3(!92;623(F>;(BF2(;2=:G296(5<(K>9MD96L7(?5@@:77:53(;2823;2;(53(BF2(2U29?:72(5<(

O2U2?DB:G2(;:7?92B:53NP(9>BF29(BF>3(829<59@>3?2(5<(>(=2A>=(;DB6(D3;29(>3(>?B(5<(?53A9277(>3;(

BF2(OA2329>=(89:3?:8=27(5<(=>I1P(+=)(>B(EZ\1(((

(EgH1(E(CB>B1(H[(XEZ[bYk(!92;623N(W(.1C1(XE(%9>3?FY(>B(EQb1((

(EgQ1(!92;623N(W(.1C1(XE(%9>3?FY(>B(EggN(EZ\1((

(EgR1(+=)(>B(Egg1(

QH[( A+$B#5&'%.+(B#,+5&'A"C'#B(+BC( h^5=1(RdHbZ(

(

85I29( B5( 92@5G2( >3( 5<<:?29( IF5( F5=;7( >3( >BaI:==( >885:3B@23B( :7(

;:7?92B:53>96(:3(3>BD921

EgW

(

V927:;23B(!;>@7L(;2?:7:53(B5(>885:3B(K>9MD96(>7(>(4D7B:?2(5<(BF2(82>?2(

I>7( ;:7?92B:53>96( :3( 3>BD92(>3;( 35B( 7DM42?B(B5( 4D;:?:>=( 92G:2I1

Egg

( #F2(=>I(

@>6( 35B( ;:92?B( BF2( >885:3B@23B( 5<( >36( 8>9B:?D=>9( 8297531

EgZ

( +5I2G29N(

M2?>D72(BF2(5<<:?2(I>7(<59(>(<:U2;(B29@(5<(<:G2(62>97N(BF2(;2?:7:53(B5(92@5G2(

<95@(5<<:?2(59(I:BFF5=;(BF2(?5@@:77:53(I>7( 35(=53A29(;:7?92B:53>96(53?2(

BF2(>885:3B@23B(I>7( 829<2?B2;1

Eg[

(/F23( %53A9277(:@85727( 782?:<:?(;DB:27(

53( >3( 5<<:?29( >3;( ;:92?B7( F:@( M6( =>I( B5( 829<59@( BF572( ;DB:27N( BF26( >92( >(

@>BB29( 5<( 5M=:A>B:53N( >3;( IF23( 9:AFB7( 5<( :3;:G:;D>=7( ;2823;( 53( BF2(

829<59@>3?2(5<(BF572(5M=:A>B:537N(BF2(?5D9B7(@D7B(59;29(5<<:?297(B5(829<59@(

BF2:9(;DB:271

Egb

(K>;:753N(>7(C2?92B>96(5<(CB>B2N(F>;(>(=2A>=(;DB6(B5(;2=:G29(

BF2(?5@@:77:53(B5(K>9MD96N(>3;(<>:=D92(B5(;5(75(:34D92;(K>9MD96N(23B:B=:3A(

F:@( B5( >3( >889589:>B2( 92@2;61

EZ\

( )5( =53A29( I292( BF2( V927:;23BL7( >?B:537(

5327(BF>B(I292(53=6(85=:B:?>==6(2U>@:3>M=2(M6(>3(>882>=(B5(BF2(M>==5B(M5U(59(

?537?:23?2k(BF26(I292(4D;:?:>==6(2U>@:3>M=2(:3(>(?5D9B(5<(=>I1

EZE

(

!3(>3>=67:7(5<(BF2(;:7B:3?B:53(M2BI223(4D;:?:>=(>3;(=2A:7=>B:G2(85I297(:7(

5<B23(<5?D72;(53(;:<<2923?27(:3(BI5(2=2@23B7m532(:7(BF2(2=2@23B(5<(B:@2N(

>3;( BF2( 5BF29( BF2( 2=2@23B( 5<( >88=:?>M:=:B61( #F2( ;:7B:3?B:53( M>72;( 53( BF2(

2=2@23B(5<(B:@2(:7(;27?9:M2;(:3(>3(5<BaSD5B2;(8>77>A2(<95@(JD7B:?2(+5=@27d(

!(4D;:?:>=(:3SD:96(:3G27B:A>B27N(;2?=>927N(>3;( 23<59?27(=:>M:=:B:27(

>7(BF26(7B>3;(53(892723B(59(8>7B(<>?B7(>3;( D3;29(=>I7(7D88572;(

>=92>;6(B5(2U:7B1(#F>B(:7(:B7(8D98572(>3;(23;1(&2A:7=>B:53N(53(BF2(

5BF29(F>3;N( =55T7( B5( BF2(<DBD92(>3;(?F>3A27(2U:7B:3A( ?53;:B:537(

M6(@>T:3A(>(32I(9D=2N(B5(M2(>88=:2;(BF292><B29(B5(>==(59(75@2(8>9B(

5<(BF572(7DM42?B(B5(:B7(85I291

EZH

(

V95<27759( *:?T:3753( 8=>?2;( 2@8F>7:7( 53( BF2( 72?53;( 2=2@23BN( BF>B( 5<(

>88=:?>M:=:B6d(O/F>B(;:7B:3AD:7F27(=2A:7=>B:53(<95@(>;4D;:?>B:53(:7( BF>B( BF2(

<59@29(><<2?B7(BF2(9:AFB7(5<(:3;:G:;D>=7(:3(BF2(>M7B9>?B(>3;(@D7B(M2(>88=:2;(

((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

(

(EgW1(+=)(>B(EZH1(

(Egg1(+=)(>B(EgWagZ1((((

(EgZ1(+=)((

(Eg[1(+=)(>B(EgZag[1((

(Egb1(+=)(>B(Egg1(((

(EZ\1(+=)(>B(EggN(Eg[1(

(EZE1(+=)($3(BF2(?>727(5<(4D7B:?27(5<(BF2(82>?2N(%53A9277(F>;(?:9?D@7?9:M2;(BF2(85I29(5<(

92@5G>=( M6( ?92>B:3A( >( 9:AFB( D853( >885:3B@23B( B5( >( <:G2a62>9( B29@( 5<( 5<<:?21( +=)(>B(EWW1(

K>9MD96L7( >885:3B@23B( I>7( 829<2?B2;( IF23( V927:;23B( !;>@7( 7:A32;( BF2( ?5@@:77:53( >3;(

BF2(C2?92B>96(5<(CB>B2(><<:U2;(BF2(72>=(5<(BF2(.3:B2;(CB>B271(+=)(>B(EW[aWb1(K>9MD96(BFD7(F>;(>(

9:AFB(B5(8577277:53(5<(BF2(?5@@:77:53(>3;(K>;:753(>3(5M=:A>B:53(B5(;2=:G29(:B1(+=)(>B(EgQ1((((

(EZH1(V923B:7(G1(!B=>3B:?(%5>7B(&:32(%51N(HEE(.1C1(HE\N(HHg(XEb\[Y1(

H\E\l( F-%.*"5+-.'-F'A"C( QHb(

(

:3(>(<D9BF29(895?22;:3A(M2<592(BF2(=2A>=(857:B:53(5<(>36(8>9B:?D=>9(:3;:G:;D>=(

I:==(M2(;2<:3:B2=6(B5D?F2;(M6(:Bk(IF:=2(>;4D;:?>B:53(5829>B27(?53?92B2=6(D853(

:3;:G:;D>=7(:3(BF2:9(:3;:G:;D>=(?>8>?:B61P

EZQ

(

#F2(>?B:53(5<(=2A:7=>B:3AN(IF:?F(:3?=D;27(BF2(>;58B:53(5<(>(?537B:BDB:53N(

:7( <59I>9;a=55T:3A( 59( 895782?B:G2( :3( 3>BD921( #F2( <5?D7( :3( BF2( =2A:7=>B:G2(

895?277(:7(35B(D853(;2B29@:3:3A(IF>B(F>88232;(>B(75@2(8>9B:?D=>9(B:@2(:3(

BF2( 8>7B(:3(75@2(;:7?92B2(7:BD>B:531(#F2( <5?D7(:7( 53( <59@D=>B:3A(9D=27(M27B(

;27:A32;( B5( >?F:2G2( 75@2( =>I<D=( 5M42?B( 5<( A5G293@23B1( #F2( 895?277( 5<(

=2A:7=>B:53(@>6(23B>:=(?5;:<6:3A(8922U:7B:3A(=>IN(M2(:B(:3>=:23>M=2(9:AFB7(59(

A2329>=( 89:3?:8=27( 5<( =>IN( MDB( :B7( ;:7B:3AD:7F:3A( ?F>9>?B29:7B:?( :7( BF>B( :B(

;27:A37( 857:B:G2( 23>?B@23B7( B5( M27B( >?F:2G2( =2A:B:@>B2( A5G293@23B(

5M42?B:G271(#F2(72?53;(?F>9>?B29:7B:?(BF>B(;:7B:3AD:7F27(BF2(=2A:7=>B:G2(<95@(

BF2(4D;:?:>=(895?277(:7(BF>B(=2A:7=>B:53(:7(<9>@2;(:3(A2329>=(B29@7(92AD=>B:3A(

>==(8297537(7:@:=>9=6(7:BD>B2;1(

#F2( 895?277( 5<( >;4D;:?>B:53N( 53( BF2( 5BF29( F>3;N( F>7( >( <5?D7( BF>B( :7(

M>?TI>9;a=55T:3A( :3( 3>BD921( !;4D;:?>B:53( :7( ;27:A32;( B5( ;2B29@:32( IF>B(

F>88232;(B5(>(92=>B:G2=6(=:@:B2;(3D@M29(5<(8297537(>B(75@2(;:7?92B2(B:@2(:3(

BF2( 8>7B1( !( ?5D9B( >88=:27( >=92>;6( 2U:7B:3A( =>IN( M2( :B( >?B7( 5<( %53A9277N(

A2329>=(89:3?:8=27(5<(=>IN(59(BF2(%537B:BDB:53N(B5(BF2(<>?B7(5<(>(?>72(:3(59;29(

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